Monday 11 December 2023

Fibonacci Numbers in the Abundancy Index

I've made several posts over the years concerning numbers and their associated abundancy. The abundancy of a number \(n\) is defined as:$$ \frac{\sigma_1(n)}{n} $$The abundancy of a number is sometimes referred to as its abundancy index. The number associated with my diurnal age today, 27280, is a member of OEIS  A349687:


 A349687

Numbers whose numerator and denominator of their abundancy index are both Fibonacci numbers.


The initial members of the sequence are (permalink):

1, 2, 6, 15, 24, 26, 28, 84, 90, 96, 120, 270, 330, 496, 672, 1335, 1488, 1540, 1638, 8128, 24384, 27280, 44109, 68200, 131040, 447040, 523776, 18506880, 22256640, 33550336, 36197280, 38257095, 65688320, 91963648, 95472000, 100651008, 102136320, 176432256, 197308800

The initial Fibonacci numbers are as follows:

0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377, 610, 987, 1597, 2584, 4181, 6765, 10946, 17711, 28657

In the case of 27280 we have:$$ \begin{align} \frac{\sigma_1(27280)}{27280} &= \frac{71424}{27280}\\ &= \frac{144}{55} \end{align} $$We find that two earlier members of the OEIS sequence, 330 and 1540, have this same abundancy as do two later members, 68200 and 447040. I only checked up to one million so there will be many more numbers with the same abundancy as 27280. Numbers with the same abundancy are called friendly numbers. These number properties are base independent.

A variation on the above would be use the set of square numbers instead of the Fibonacci numbers. Up to 40,000, the square numbers are:

1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144, 169, 196, 225, 256, 289, 324, 361, 400, 441, 484, 529, 576, 625, 676, 729, 784, 841, 900, 961, 1024, 1089, 1156, 1225, 1296, 1369, 1444, 1521, 1600, 1681, 1764, 1849, 1936, 2025, 2116, 2209, 2304, 2401, 2500, 2601, 2704, 2809, 2916, 3025, 3136, 3249, 3364, 3481, 3600, 3721, 3844, 3969, 4096, 4225, 4356, 4489, 4624, 4761, 4900, 5041, 5184, 5329, 5476, 5625, 5776, 5929, 6084, 6241, 6400, 6561, 6724, 6889, 7056, 7225, 7396, 7569, 7744, 7921, 8100, 8281, 8464, 8649, 8836, 9025, 9216, 9409, 9604, 9801, 10000, 10201, 10404, 10609, 10816, 11025, 11236, 11449, 11664, 11881, 12100, 12321, 12544, 12769, 12996, 13225, 13456, 13689, 13924, 14161, 14400, 14641, 14884, 15129, 15376, 15625, 15876, 16129, 16384, 16641, 16900, 17161, 17424, 17689, 17956, 18225, 18496, 18769, 19044, 19321, 19600, 19881, 20164, 20449, 20736, 21025, 21316, 21609, 21904, 22201, 22500, 22801, 23104, 23409, 23716, 24025, 24336, 24649, 24964, 25281, 25600, 25921, 26244, 26569, 26896, 27225, 27556, 27889, 28224, 28561, 28900, 29241, 29584, 29929, 30276, 30625, 30976, 31329, 31684, 32041, 32400, 32761, 33124, 33489, 33856, 34225, 34596, 34969, 35344, 35721, 36100, 36481, 36864, 37249, 37636, 38025, 38416, 38809, 39204, 39601, 40000

We find only 18 numbers qualify (permalink): 

1, 40, 81, 135, 216, 224, 400, 819, 1372, 3240, 3744, 4650, 6318, 18144, 21700, 27930, 30240, 32760

Here is the breakdown:

1 --> 1/1 = 1/1
40 --> 90/40 = 9/4
81 --> 121/81 = 121/81
135 --> 240/135 = 16/9
216 --> 600/216 = 25/9
224 --> 504/224 = 9/4
400 --> 961/400 = 961/400
819 --> 1456/819 = 16/9
1372 --> 2800/1372 = 100/49
3240 --> 10890/3240 = 121/36
3744 --> 11466/3744 = 49/16
4650 --> 11904/4650 = 64/25
6318 --> 15288/6318 = 196/81
18144 --> 60984/18144 = 121/36
21700 --> 55552/21700 = 64/25
27930 --> 82080/27930 = 144/49
30240 --> 120960/30240 = 4/1
32760 --> 131040/32760 = 4/1

These numbers belong to OEIS A069070.

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