Other Special Classes of Interprimes

On the 1st November 2023, I posted on A Special Class of Interprime and these were non-palindromic composite numbers located between twin primes which, when reversed, are also located between twin primes. Some work both ways while some are only one way because they end in a zero. Figure 1 shows an example of the former while Figure 2 shows an example of the latter.

Figure 1

Figure 2

Today I turned 27738 days old and this number is an interprime number between twin primes which when concatenated with itself forms a number which is also an interprime between twin primes. The result for 27738 is shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3

Numbers of this sort belong to OEIS A235109 :

A235109     Averages q of twin prime pairs, such that q concatenated to q is also the average of a twin prime pair.

The initial members are (permalink):

42, 102, 108, 180, 192, 270, 312, 420, 522, 660, 822, 882, 1230, 1482, 4242, 4788, 8820, 10332, 11550, 13692, 14550, 14562, 14868, 15732, 17910, 18522, 20550, 21648, 22620, 23670, 23832, 26262, 27738, 35838, 38922, 39042, 40128, 42018, 43962, 44532, 46440

As a variation on this, we could concatenate an interprime with its reversal, thus forming a palindrome. This is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4

Up to 40000, the initial interprimes with this property are (permalink) 240, 270, 2142, 8388, 22092, 22962, 23832, 24420, 24918, 26262, 27690 and 28110. The sequence does not appear in the OEIS. The members of this sequence are, to be fair, rather sparse and could be made more numerous if the condition that the interprime lay between twin primes was relaxed. If we simply require that the interprime, when concatenated with its reverse, is also an interprime then in the range up to 40000, 263 numbers satisfy. The numbers are (permalink):

9, 15, 21, 42, 93, 102, 105, 108, 160, 240, 246, 270, 279, 324, 386, 432, 754, 810, 909, 933, 1092, 1302, 1452, 1611, 1998, 2142, 2205, 2295, 2322, 2336, 2470, 2568, 2667, 2892, 2900, 2946, 3021, 3326, 3423, 3453, 3465, 3558, 3588, 3627, 3672, 3736, 3885, 3921, 4002, 4065, 4076, 4131, 4353, 4422, 4646, 4742, 4785, 5193, 5439, 5481, 5502, 5529, 5607, 5804, 6107, 6340, 6376, 6798, 6969, 7182, 7212, 7494, 8097, 8169, 8388, 8437, 8844, 8908, 8985, 9394, 9678, 9865, 10008, 10101, 10794, 10815, 10875, 10944, 10998, 11226, 11445, 11523, 11817, 12024, 12111, 12252, 12489, 12500, 12514, 12826, 12947, 13056, 13101, 13320, 13374, 13482, 13560, 13674, 13740, 13881, 13965, 14064, 14415, 14592, 14715, 15015, 15087, 15534, 15664, 16230, 16396, 16799, 17388, 17529, 17958, 18042, 18288, 18360, 18447, 18531, 18737, 19149, 19314, 19548, 19704, 19857, 20022, 20049, 20057, 20225, 20358, 20403, 20687, 20745, 20751, 20808, 21015, 21104, 21189, 21202, 21381, 21404, 21558, 21969, 22092, 22272, 22719, 22866, 22904, 22962, 23124, 23631, 23832, 24036, 24144, 24333, 24420, 24522, 24804, 24855, 24918, 25001, 25080, 25305, 25417, 25455, 25470, 25578, 25595, 25761, 25932, 25960, 26180, 26262, 26412, 26582, 26637, 26675, 26748, 27075, 27429, 27546, 27597, 27690, 27999, 28110, 28117, 28253, 28314, 28410, 28629, 28692, 28869, 29247, 29577, 29720, 29826, 29865, 29937, 30106, 30165, 30217, 30270, 30693, 31149, 31152, 31182, 31269, 31536, 31617, 31653, 31977, 32244, 32325, 32700, 32914, 33186, 33288, 33573, 33588, 33621, 33639, 33854, 33939, 34125, 34290, 34412, 34590, 34683, 34743, 34874, 34962, 35094, 35421, 35674, 35802, 36003, 36442, 36486, 36648, 36694, 36764, 37220, 37514, 37548, 38385, 38856, 39093, 39159, 39447, 39627, 39852, 39999

Let's take 93 from the previous list as an example. It is an interprime that lies midway between 89 and 97. Concatenated with its reverse (39), we get 9339 and this number is midway between 9337 and 9341. Figure 5 illustrates this.

Figure 5

Similarly we could relax the interprime condition for interprimes that are concatenated with themselves (but not reversed). There are 345 interprimes in the range up to 40000 that qualify. An example is 21, an interprime between 19 and 23, that forms 2121, an interprime between 2113 and 2129.

Figure 6

The interprimes between 27700 and 40000 with this property are (permalink):

..., 27738, 27888, 27945, 27990, 28281, 28515, 28613, 28740, 28815, 28851, 28994, 29013, 29170, 29237, 29307, 29448, 29835, 29953, 30000, 30038, 30264, 30300, 30310, 30378, 30468, 30555, 30846, 30856, 30902, 31080, 31122, 31269, 31335, 31347, 31660, 31854, 31960, 32298, 32361, 32715, 32925, 32990, 33018, 33235, 33351, 33465, 33594, 33717, 33840, 33860, 34224, 34734, 34743, 34848, 35325, 35556, 35571, 35838, 35980, 36189, 36462, 36680, 37008, 37053, 37176, 37576, 37850, 38076, 38238, 38310, 38331, 38685, 38922, 39042, 39084, 39093, 39105, 39363, 39378, 39447, 39546, 39691, 39765, 39774, 39894, ...

Lastly, if we relax the interprime condition that the interprime and its reverse must lie between twin primes, then there are 629 numbers that satisfy in the range up to 40000 (permalink) but I won't list those here.

An Interesting Triple 7 Number

Today I turned \( \textbf{27717} \) days old and this number has a plethora of interesting properties that deserve a special mention and thus a dedicated post. Here are some of those properties.

• \( \textbf{27717} \) is a so-called Lucky Cube, meaning it is a number whose cubes contain the digit sequence “888”, here:$$27717^3 = 21293088810813$$The numbers that satisfy from 27717 to 40000 are: 27717, 27942, 27973, 28192, 28442, 28484, 28692, 28740, 28942, 29079, 29192, 29354, 29387, 29391, 29418, 29420, 29442, 29491, 29642, 29692, 29942, 29989.
  
  
• \( \textbf{27717} \) is the lesser of a pair of adjacent composite numbers such that both are only one step away from their home primes. Here: 
• \(27717 = 3 \times 9239 \rightarrow 39239\)
• \(27718 = 2 \times 13859 \rightarrow 213859\)
  
  
• \( \textbf{27717} \) is a number such that n + POD(n) and n - POD(n) are both prime (where POD stands for Product Of Digits). Here we have POD = 686:
• \(27717 + 686 = 28403\) which is a prime number
• \(27717 - 686 = 27031\) which is a prime number
  
  
• \( \textbf{27717} \) is an interprime number because it is at equal distance from the previous prime (27701) and the next prime (27733).
  
  
• \( \textbf{27717} \) is a number whose sum of divisors has prime factors (ignoring multiplicity) that multiply to the factorial 2310 where
  
  \(2310= 2 \times 3 \times 5 \times 7 \times 11\)
  
  Here 27717 has a sum of divisors 36960 and
  
  \(36960= 2^5 \times 3 \times 5 \times 7 \times 11\)
  
  but also forms a consecutive pair with 27718 because its sum of the divisors is 41580 and
  
  \(41580= 2^2 \times 3^3 \times 5  \times 7 \times11\)
  
  See blog post Primorials and the Sigma Function.
  
  
• \( \textbf{27717} \) is the TENTH member of an interesting number chain (which is base independent):
  
• \(27708 = 12 \times 2309\)
• \(27709 = 11 \times 2519\)
• \(27710 = 10 \times 2771\)
• \(27711 = 9 \times 3079\)
• \(27712 = 8 \times 3464\)
• \(27713 = 7 \times 3959\)
• \(27714 = 6 \times 4619\)
• \(27715 = 5 \times 5543\)
• \(27716 = 4 \times 6929\)
• \(27717 = 3 \times 9239\)
• \(27718 = 2 \times 13859\)
  

See blog post Count Down Number Chains  

 

• \( \textbf{27717} \) is a cyclic number.
  
  
• \( \textbf{27717} \) is a xenodrome in base 9 : 42016. See blog post Xenodromes.
  
  
• \( \textbf{27717} \) is a number that does not reach a palindrome after 2001 cycles of the reverse and add algorithm.
  
  
• \( \textbf{27717} \) is a D-number meaning it is a number \(n > 3\) such that n divides \( k^{n-2}- k\) for all \(1 < k < n\) relatively prime to \(n\).
  
  
• \( \textbf{27717} \) can be rendered as a digit equation as follows: \(2 - \dfrac{7}{7} = 1 ^ 7\)

A Special Class of Interprime

Sometimes mathematical properties can be represented effectively by means of visual aids. This can mean graphs of course but not exclusively. Take for example, OEIS A103741:

A103741

\(a(n)\) is a non-palindromic composite located between twin primes whose reverse, which is less than it, is also located between twin primes.

The number associated with my diurnal age today, 27240, is a member of this sequence because it is in between two adjacent primes, 27239 and 27241. When reversed to 4372, this reversal is also adjacent to two primes, namely 4371 and 4373. Visually this can be represented as shown in Figure 1 and it is quite effective. Notice how the reversal only works one way, from the larger number to the smaller and not vice versa, as shown by the directional arrows.

Figure 1

The initial members of this sequence are:

60, 240, 270, 600, 810, 822, 2130, 2340, 2802, 8010, 8220, 8430, 8838, 8862, 20550, 22740, 23202, 23370, 23910, 25410, 26880, 27240, 28410, 28572, 28662, 29022, 29760, 80472, 81702, 81930, 81972, 82140, 82530, 83220, 83340, 83640, 85620

What's interesting about this sequence is that there is a huge gap between 29760 and the next term 80472. This is more clearly seen in Figure 2 where the previous numbers have been plotted.

Figure 2

Figure 3 illustrates the number 80472 (note how the reversal here works both ways as shown by the directional arrows):

Figure 3

These types of interprimes thus fall into two categories: ones ending in 0 and ones ending in other digits. The former, like 27240, lead to interprimes that cannot then be reversed to return the original number. The latter, like 80472, lead to interprimes that can be reversed to return the original number.