Showing posts with label Lycrel numbers. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Lycrel numbers. Show all posts

Tuesday, 20 May 2025

Revisiting Reverse and Add

Numbers \(n\) belonging to OEIS A063048 have the property that the Reverse and Add! trajectory of \(n\) (presumably) does not reach a palindrome and does not join the trajectory of any term \(m < n\). Up to 40,000 these numbers are:

196, 879, 1997, 7059, 10553, 10563, 10577, 10583, 10585, 10638, 10663, 10668, 10697, 10715, 10728, 10735, 10746, 10748, 10783, 10785, 10787, 10788, 10877, 10883, 10963, 10965, 10969, 10977, 10983, 10985, 12797, 12898, 13097, 13197, 13694, 14096, 14698, 15297, 15597, 18598, 18798, 19098, 20459, 30389, 30399, 30929, 30959, 30979

Now there are many more numbers that presumably do not reach a palindrome but they join the trajectories of the above numbers at some point and thus do not fulfil the \(m<n\) condition. These numbers belong to OEIS A023108: positive integers which apparently never result in a palindrome under repeated applications of the function A056964(\(x\)) = \(x\) + (\(x\) with digits reversed). 

\( \textbf{27806} \), my diurnal age today, is one such number. I tested it for 30,000 iterations and still no palindrome was found. Now 39996 is the 1750th member of the sequence and so these numbers represent 4.375% of the total numbers in the range. Some numbers coming up soon are 27812,  27837,  27847,  27866,  27896,  27906,  27912,  27914,  27956,  27964 and 27988. Between 27806 and 40,000 these numbers (which include all those in OEIS A063048) are:

27806,  27812,  27837,  27847,  27866,  27896,  27906,  27912,  27914,  27956,  27964,  27988,  28036,  28046,  28055,  28056,  28095,  28096,  28146,  28156,  28193,  28236,  28256,  28266,  28281,  28286,  28332,  28341,  28342,  28346,  28356,  28362,  28369,  28469,  28487,  28496,  28502,  28504,  28545,  28546,  28566,  28576,  28586,  28595,  28596,  28597,  28616,  28643,  28657,  28686,  28696,  28702,  28704,  28706,  28707,  28732,  28736,  28776,  28796,  28797,  28802,  28827,  28837,  28856,  28886,  28896,  28902,  28904,  28946,  28954,  28978,  29026,  29036,  29045,  29046,  29085,  29086,  29097,  29136,  29146,  29183,  29226,  29246,  29256,  29271,  29276,  29322,  29331,  29332,  29336,  29346,  29352,  29359,  29396,  29459,  29477,  29486,  29494,  29499,  29535,  29536,  29556,  29566,  29576,  29585,  29586,  29587,  29590,  29606,  29633,  29647,  29676,  29686,  29722,  29726,  29766,  29786,  29787,  29791,  29796,  29817,  29827,  29846,  29876,  29886,  29899,  29936,  29944,  29968,  29997,  30089,  30358,  30389,  30399,  30439,  30458,  30479,  30489,  30536,  30551,  30561,  30575,  30581,  30583,  30636,  30651,  30661,  30666,  30695,  30713,  30726,  30733,  30744,  30746,  30781,  30783,  30785,  30786,  30841,  30849,  30875,  30881,  30889,  30929,  30931,  30959,  30961,  30963,  30967,  30975,  30979,  30981,  30983,  31079,  31348,  31379,  31389,  31429,  31448,  31469,  31479,  31526,  31541,  31551,  31565,  31571,  31573,  31626,  31641,  31651,  31656,  31685,  31703,  31716,  31723,  31734,  31736,  31771,  31773,  31775,  31776,  31831,  31839,  31865,  31871,  31879,  31896,  31919,  31921,  31949,  31951,  31953,  31957,  31965,  31969,  31971,  31973,  32069,  32095,  32295,  32338,  32369,  32379,  32391,  32419,  32438,  32459,  32469,  32516,  32531,  32541,  32555,  32561,  32563,  32616,  32631,  32641,  32646,  32675,  32706,  32713,  32724,  32726,  32761,  32763,  32765,  32766,  32791,  32795,  32821,  32829,  32855,  32861,  32869,  32886,  32896,  32909,  32911,  32939,  32941,  32943,  32947,  32955,  32959,  32961,  32963,  32999,  33059,  33085,  33095,  33195,  33285,  33328,  33359,  33369,  33381,  33390,  33391,  33395,  33409,  33428,  33449,  33459,  33499,  33506,  33521,  33531,  33545,  33551,  33553,  33594,  33595,  33606,  33621,  33631,  33636,  33665,  33692,  33703,  33714,  33716,  33751,  33753,  33755,  33756,  33781,  33785,  33811,  33819,  33845,  33851,  33859,  33876,  33886,  33901,  33929,  33931,  33937,  33945,  33949,  33951,  33953,  33989,  33995,  34049,  34075,  34085,  34094,  34095,  34185,  34195,  34275,  34295,  34318,  34349,  34359,  34371,  34380,  34381,  34385,  34395,  34418,  34439,  34449,  34489,  34511,  34521,  34535,  34541,  34584,  34585,  34611,  34621,  34626,  34655,  34682,  34696,  34704,  34706,  34741,  34745,  34746,  34771,  34775,  34801,  34809,  34835,  34841,  34849,  34866,  34876,  34895,  34899,  34919,  34921,  34923,  34927,  34935,  34939,  34941,  34979,  34985,  34993,  35039,  35065,  35075,  35084,  35085,  35175,  35185,  35265,  35285,  35295,  35308,  35339,  35349,  35361,  35370,  35371,  35375,  35385,  35391,  35398,  35408,  35429,  35439,  35479,  35498,  35501,  35511,  35525,  35531,  35533,  35574,  35575,  35595,  35601,  35611,  35616,  35645,  35672,  35686,  35731,  35733,  35735,  35736,  35761,  35765,  35825,  35831,  35839,  35856,  35866,  35885,  35889,  35909,  35911,  35913,  35917,  35925,  35929,  35931,  35933,  35969,  35975,  35983,  35999,  36029,  36055,  36065,  36074,  36075,  36165,  36175,  36255,  36275,  36285,  36329,  36339,  36351,  36360,  36361,  36365,  36375,  36381,  36388,  36419,  36429,  36469,  36488,  36501,  36515,  36521,  36523,  36564,  36565,  36585,  36595,  36601,  36606,  36635,  36662,  36676,  36721,  36723,  36725,  36726,  36751,  36755,  36795,  36815,  36821,  36829,  36846,  36856,  36875,  36879,  36901,  36903,  36907,  36915,  36919,  36921,  36923,  36959,  36965,  36973,  36989,  36997,  37019,  37045,  37055,  37064,  37065,  37155,  37165,  37245,  37265,  37275,  37290,  37295,  37319,  37329,  37341,  37350,  37351,  37355,  37365,  37371,  37378,  37409,  37419,  37459,  37478,  37496,  37499,  37505,  37511,  37513,  37554,  37555,  37575,  37585,  37595,  37625,  37652,  37666,  37695,  37711,  37713,  37715,  37716,  37741,  37745,  37785,  37805,  37811,  37819,  37836,  37846,  37865,  37869,  37895,  37905,  37909,  37911,  37913,  37949,  37955,  37963,  37979,  37987,  37999,  38009,  38035,  38045,  38054,  38055,  38094,  38095,  38099,  38145,  38155,  38192,  38235,  38255,  38265,  38280,  38285,  38309,  38319,  38331,  38340,  38341,  38345,  38355,  38361,  38368,  38399,  38409,  38449,  38468,  38486,  38489,  38495,  38499,  38501,  38503,  38544,  38545,  38565,  38575,  38585,  38594,  38595,  38596,  38615,  38642,  38656,  38685,  38695,  38701,  38703,  38705,  38706,  38731,  38735,  38775,  38795,  38796,  38801,  38809,  38826,  38836,  38855,  38859,  38885,  38895,  38899,  38901,  38903,  38939,  38945,  38953,  38969,  38977,  38989,  39025,  39035,  39044,  39045,  39084,  39085,  39089,  39096,  39135,  39145,  39182,  39225,  39245,  39255,  39270,  39275,  39309,  39321,  39330,  39331,  39335,  39345,  39351,  39358,  39389,  39395,  39439,  39458,  39476,  39479,  39485,  39489,  39498,  39534,  39535,  39555,  39565,  39575,  39584,  39585,  39586,  39605,  39632,  39646,  39675,  39685,  39721,  39725,  39765,  39785,  39786,  39790,  39791,  39795,  39816,  39826,  39845,  39849,  39875,  39885,  39889,  39891,  39898,  39929,  39935,  39943,  39959,  39967,  39979,  39996

Thursday, 15 March 2018

The Collatz Conjecture Revisited

Some time ago I posted about the Collatz Conjecture. Today's and yesterday's numbers (25183 and 25182 respectively) are connected to this conjecture. In general, these numbers arise because I'm tracking the number of days that I've been alive, numbering the day I was born (April 3rd 1949) as day zero and counting forward from there.

Both numbers appear in the Online Encyclopaedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS) A224303, whose members comprise numbers n for which number of iterations to reach the largest equals number of iterations to reach 1 from the largest in Collatz (3x+1) trajectory of n.

It's easy enough to set up a spreadsheet that calculates the number of steps to reach 1 and also the number of steps to reach the largest number in the trajectory. This is what I've done in Google Sheets and I've included a screenshot below for 25183.


As can be seen, 116 steps are required to get to the largest number (6,810,136) in the trajectory and then the same number of steps to reach 1, making for 232 steps in all. The steps for the previous number 25182 are the same. Here is a graph of the trajectory:


Looking at the sequence of such numbers, it's apparent that they tend to cluster and often appear in groups of two or more. Here is the list as it is shown in OEIS A224303 (with clusters shown in different colours):

1, 6, 120, 334, 335, 804, 1249, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2013, 6556, 6557, 6558, 6801, 6802, 6803, 7496, 7498, 7500, 7501, 7505, 10219, 22633, 25182, 25183, 27074, 27075, 27864, 27866, 27868, 31838, 31839, 32078, 36630, 36633, 36690, 36691, 36914, 39126, 39344

The second member of the sequence, 6, is given as an example: 6 is in the list because the Collatz trajectory of 6 is {6, 3, 10, 5, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1} and four steps are required to reach the largest number number (16) and four steps are required to reach 1 from 16:

6 --> 3 --> 10 --> 5 --> 16 and then 16 --> 8 --> 4 ---> 2 --> 1

Of course, there's a site on the Internet that will calculate the number of steps and graph the result. It also contains other interesting information relating to the Collatz conjecture. My spreadsheet will graph the trajectory but one has to manually alter the upper bound to get the best looking graph. I haven't figured out a way to adjust it automatically but I'll keep working on it.

Remember that the rule is to divide by 2 if the number is even and multiply by 3 and add 1 if the number is odd (hence the "3x+1 problem" as an alternative moniker). However, the site mentioned also allows one to customise the algorithm, so that for example instead of multiplying by 3, one can multiply by 2.


Interestingly, the trajectory still reaches 1 but it takes 669 steps and it's graph is quite different to that followed using the standard algorithm. Using larger multipliers like 4 doesn't seem to lead to convergence. For example after 10000 iterations using 4 as the multiplier, one gets 6,922,158,704,601,770. I'm not sure what happens with more iterations. The site also has a page for testing Lychrel numbers. I've looked at these sorts of numbers before but hadn't realised that they were called Lychrel numbers. I'd been referring to the algorithm to find them, namely reverse and add. See this post and this post to view.

See also: https://voodooguru23.blogspot.com/2018/03/the-px1-map.html

Read about Terence Tao's latest discovery: https://t.co/h8cMC9QKes