There are many YouTube videos outlining how to integrate xx and x−x but the following is the best explained that I've come across.
In the video, the function xx is integrated from 0 to 1. In fact, this proper integral is converted into an infinite series so traditional integration is not possible. The result is quite impressive:∫10xxdx=∞∑0(−1)n(n+1)n+1=1−122+133−144+⋯≈0.783430
The result for x−x is similar:∫10x−xdx=∞∑01(n+1)n+1=1+122+133+144+⋯≈1.291285
Figure 1 shows the SageMath code to draw the two graphs in the given range and to calculate the area bounded by them:
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Figure 1: permalink |
Figure 2 shows the result with annotations added:
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Figure 2 |
It's hard to see but the area bounded by the two curves is shown at the bottom left and is approximately 0.507855 square units. Figure 3 shows an alternative representation using GeoGebra:
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Figure 3 |
These graphs, their turning points and the bounded area between them are most interesting. Let's not forget that the turning points for both graphs occur when x=1e because:y=xxddxy=ddxxx=ddxexlnx=exlnx(1+lnx)=0 when lnx=−1 or x=1e
The result is the same for y=x−x, only the y values differ with e1/e≈1.44 for x−x and e−1/e≈0.69 for xx.
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