Saturday, 1 May 2021

Integration of x^x and x^(-x)

There are many YouTube videos outlining how to integrate xx and xx but the following is the best explained that I've come across.


In the video, the function xx is integrated from 0 to 1. In fact, this proper integral is converted into an infinite series so traditional integration is not possible. The result is quite impressive:10xxdx=0(1)n(n+1)n+1=1122+133144+0.783430
The result for xx is similar:10xxdx=01(n+1)n+1=1+122+133+144+1.291285
Figure 1 shows the SageMath code to draw the two graphs in the given range and to calculate the area bounded by them:

Figure 1: permalink

Figure 2 shows the result with annotations added:

Figure 2

It's hard to see but the area bounded by the two curves is shown at the bottom left and is approximately 0.507855 square units. Figure 3 shows an alternative representation using GeoGebra:


Figure 3

These graphs, their turning points and the bounded area between them are most interesting. Let's not forget that the turning points for both graphs occur when x=1e because:y=xxddxy=ddxxx=ddxexlnx=exlnx(1+lnx)=0 when lnx=1 or x=1e
The result is the same for y=xx, only the y values differ with e1/e1.44 for xx and e1/e0.69 for xx.

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