Saturday, 21 March 2026

Concatenating Reversible Sphenic Numbers

My previous post Concatenating Emirpimes suggested the concatenation of reversible sphenic numbers as a logical sequel. A sphenic number that is still sphenic when its digits are reversed is sometimes called a \( \textbf{cinephs} \). Let's take 418 as an example of the type of number that we want to identify:$$ \begin{align} 418 &= 2 \times 11 \times 19 \\ 814 &= 2 \times 11 \times 37 \\ 418814 &= 2 \times 11 \times 19037 \end{align}$$There are, coincidentally, 418 such numbers in the range up to 40000. Here are the details (permalink):

=== Cineph Concatenation Statistics ===

Range evaluated: 1 to 40000

1. Sphenic numbers: 7720 (19.30% of the range)

2. Cinephs: 1890 (4.72% of the range)

3. Successful Cinephs: 418 (1.0450% of the range)

=== Comma-Separated List of Successful Cinephs ===

418, 682, 759, 814, 957, 1034, 1095, 1113, 1185, 1342, 1419, 1446, 1606, 1614, 1902, 1965, 2014, 2035, 2282, 2414, 2431, 2438, 2494, 2635, 2665, 2686, 3018, 3059, 3138, 3201, 3278, 3297, 3358, 3495, 3597, 3606, 3678, 3685, 3714, 3729, 3765, 3926, 4301, 4382, 4543, 4565, 4715, 4945, 5174, 5362, 5495, 5863, 5986, 6035, 6061, 6083, 6206, 6293, 6806, 7185, 7305, 7414, 7449, 7567, 7645, 7657, 7662, 7718, 8155, 8174, 8378, 8386, 8390, 8393, 8555, 8734, 8786, 8789, 8987, 9138, 9141, 9213, 9309, 9321, 9354, 9362, 9503, 9515, 9519, 9807, 9822, 9885, 9951, 9978, 10095, 10246, 10263, 10274, 10326, 10382, 10490, 10502, 10509, 10554, 10635, 10761, 10835, 10879, 10915, 11098, 11342, 11395, 11398, 11407, 11577, 11605, 11753, 11922, 11937, 11958, 11982, 12174, 12218, 12257, 12378, 12498, 12529, 12551, 12595, 12859, 12874, 12890, 12914, 13137, 13143, 13222, 13305, 13514, 13574, 13618, 13634, 13783, 13786, 13906, 14035, 14043, 14055, 14127, 14174, 14223, 14298, 14313, 14443, 14573, 14590, 14619, 14646, 14655, 14846, 14889, 14894, 14955, 15235, 15323, 15422, 15430, 15521, 15585, 15626, 15657, 15794, 15818, 15914, 15958, 15994, 16098, 16159, 16518, 16558, 16666, 16701, 16914, 16915, 16946, 17006, 17139, 17353, 17445, 17518, 17534, 17799, 17805, 17814, 17818, 17978, 18093, 18123, 18147, 18205, 18222, 18231, 18309, 18395, 18458, 18555, 18579, 18685, 18717, 18814, 18854, 19023, 19178, 19221, 19317, 19382, 19545, 19605, 19623, 19877, 19923, 19947, 19987, 20009, 20066, 20195, 20270, 20305, 20315, 20530, 20594, 20657, 20726, 20758, 20870, 20905, 20945, 20965, 20966, 22058, 22282, 22562, 22582, 22591, 22645, 22933, 22939, 22945, 22970, 24002, 24026, 24095, 24265, 24409, 24479, 24583, 24590, 24739, 24817, 24878, 24962, 24973, 26090, 26102, 26134, 26146, 26245, 26266, 26273, 26429, 26494, 26506, 26546, 26555, 26614, 26638, 26663, 26758, 26873, 26878, 26930, 26939, 26990, 28085, 28165, 28186, 28222, 28237, 28358, 28418, 28426, 28441, 28483, 28514, 28645, 28747, 28835, 28870, 28918, 30054, 30099, 30126, 30277, 30418, 30502, 30651, 30795, 30943, 31026, 31027, 31035, 31191, 31254, 31386, 31658, 31719, 31978, 32039, 32043, 32181, 32295, 32351, 32417, 32442, 32613, 32846, 32857, 32898, 32907, 32938, 33143, 33162, 33186, 33378, 33429, 33473, 33555, 33583, 33585, 33754, 33818, 33835, 33906, 33918, 33922, 34005, 34077, 34078, 34131, 34133, 34158, 34203, 34222, 34257, 34474, 34562, 34563, 34661, 34705, 34826, 35006, 35094, 35123, 35202, 35274, 35319, 35382, 35618, 35619, 35871, 35949, 35985, 36003, 36039, 36165, 36174, 36226, 36355, 36474, 36586, 36606, 36627, 36935, 36958, 37317, 37329, 37367, 37411, 37418, 37433, 37527, 37614, 37634, 37743, 37754, 37970, 38049, 38085, 38193, 38294, 38399, 38451, 38467, 38533, 38555, 38643, 39081, 39169, 39305, 39306, 39351, 39358, 39399, 39458, 39562, 39785, 39842, 39918, 39966

As we learned in my previous post: 
There is a fundamental rule in number theory: Every palindrome with an even number of digits is divisible by 11.

Thus all the above numbers have 11 as a prime factor. Let's take 39358 as another example: $$ \begin{align} 39358 &= 2 \times 11 \times 1789 \\ 85393 &= 7 \times 11 \times 1109 \\ 3935885393 &= 11 \times 397 \times 901279\end{align}$$Of course, if we were to try this technique on emirps (reversible primes), we would never end up with a prime because the resultant number would always be divisible by 11. For example, 37 and 73 combine to form$$ 3773 = 11 \times 343 =11 \times 7^3$$

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